Fixed-Point Arithmetic

A method of representing fractional numbers using integers with an implicit decimal point at a fixed position, avoiding floating-point imprecision. On Solana, all token amounts use fixed-point: SPL tokens have a configurable decimals field (e.g., USDC uses 6 decimals, so 1 USDC = 1,000,000 smallest units). DeFi protocols use basis points (1/10,000), scaled integers, or WAD/RAY notation (10^18/10^27) for precise rate calculations without floating-point types.